Infrared sauna is one way to help our bodies to detoxify and get rid of variety of toxins as well as ( potential) improving health, decreasing all cause mortality, decrease cardiovascular disease, improve cardiorespiratory fitness, tension headache, alzheimer, rheumatoid arthritis and removing toxins ( mycotoxins, drug residues, PCB,PBB, chlorinated pesticides…)
Sweating leads to a loss of water and electrolytes.sweating is also accompanied by excretion of organic and inorganic chemicals stored in body fat and organs. The excretion of lipid-based chemicals has been touted as the most important role for sauna: its detoxification mechanism.

Textbook of Integrative medicine:

The body stores fat-soluble toxins such as pesticides in adipose tissue (also called lipophilic persistent organic pollutants, or POPs). One well-known example are the flame retardants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs); some of the highest levels of these compounds throughout the world have been found in the breasts of lactating American women. These compounds were banned in Europe due to their association with reproductive, neurodevelopmental, and thyroid toxicities. Taking a relaxing sauna or steam bath is an effective therapy to help the body detoxify. The traditional sauna increases the air temperature to 160°F–200°F (approximately 70°C–90°C), with 25% humidity compared with a steam room, which is heated to 120°F–130°F at 100% humidity. The exogenous heat diverts blood to the skin, where sweating releases excess sodium, nitrogen, and toxins. In addition to its use in Scandinavia and many cultures around the world for hundreds of years, research since the 1960s has demonstrated the health-promoting effects of regular sauna use, including stress reduction, detoxification, lower blood pressure, and decreased pain.In fact, increased frequency of sauna use is actually associated with a reduced risk of sudden cardiac death, fatal cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Sauna cessation is advised for men attempting to conceive with their partners as heat-based therapies temporarily impair sperm count and motility.

Although sauna use is safe for most people of all ages, caution should be used in people who have undergone recent surgery; have unstable cardiovascular conditions such as recent myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident; or have multiple sclerosis, acute lung infections, or pregnancy complications. Even people with known heart disease can partake in sauna therapy. The greatest risk for all uses is hypotension and syncope, particularly if alcohol is used during sauna use (which is not recommended). Some evidence indicates that a lower-temperature infrared sauna may offer similar health benefits. Lower-temperature infrared saunas are typically heated to 120°F and are a good option for those who cannot tolerate the higher temperatures of a traditional sauna or steam room (e.g., individuals with multiple sclerosis).

sauna

From : web.pa.msu.edu
References:

Am J Med. 2001 Feb 1;110(2):118-26.

Benefits and risks of sauna bathing.

Although sauna bathing causes various acute, transient cardiovascular and hormonal changes, it is well tolerated by most healthy adults and children. Sauna bathing does not influence fertility and is safe during the uncomplicated pregnancies of healthy women. Some studies have suggested that long-term sauna bathing may help lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension and improve the left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with chronic congestive heart failure, but additional data are needed to confirm these findings. The transient improvements in pulmonary function that occur in the sauna may provide some relief to patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis. Sauna bathing may also alleviate pain and improve joint mobility in patients with rheumatic disease. Although sauna bathing does not cause drying of the skin-and may even benefit patients with psoriasis-sweating may increase itching in patients with atopic dermatitis. Contraindications to sauna bathing include unstable angina pectoris, recent myocardial infarction, and severe aortic stenosis. Sauna bathing is safe, however, for most people with coronary heart disease with stable angina pectoris or old myocardial infarction. Very few acute myocardial infarctions and sudden deaths occur in saunas, but alcohol consumption during sauna bathing increases the risk of hypotension, arrhythmia, and sudden death, and should be avoided.

PMID: 11165553

JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Apr;175(4):542-8. doi:
10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8187.

Association between sauna bathing and fatal cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events.
Laukkanen T1, Khan H2, Zaccardi F3, Laukkanen JA1.
Sauna bathing is a health habit associated with better hemodynamic function; however, the association of sauna bathing with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality is not known.

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the association of frequency and duration of sauna bathing with the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), fatal coronary heart disease (CHD), fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause mortality.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
We performed a prospective cohort study (Finnish Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study) of a population-based sample of 2315 middle-aged (age range, 42-60 years) men from Eastern Finland. Baseline examinations were conducted from March 1, 1984, through December 31, 1989.

EXPOSURES:
Frequency and duration of sauna bathing assessed at baseline.

RESULTS:

During a median follow-up of 20.7 years (interquartile range, 18.1-22.6 years), 190 SCDs, 281 fatal CHDs, 407 fatal CVDs, and 929 all-cause mortality events occurred. A total of 601, 1513, and 201 participants reported having a sauna bathing session 1 time per week, 2 to 3 times per week, and 4 to 7 times per week, respectively. The numbers (percentages) of SCDs were 61 (10.1%), 119 (7.8%), and 10 (5.0%) in the 3 groups of the frequency of sauna bathing. The respective numbers were 89 (14.9%), 175 (11.5%), and 17 (8.5%) for fatal CHDs; 134 (22.3%), 249 (16.4%), and 24 (12.0%) for fatal CVDs; and 295 (49.1%), 572 (37.8%), and 62 (30.8%) for all-cause mortality events. After adjustment for CVD risk factors, compared with men with 1 sauna bathing session per week, the hazard ratio of SCD was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.57-1.07) for 2 to 3 sauna bathing sessions per week and 0.37 (95% CI, 0.18-0.75) for 4 to 7 sauna bathing sessions per week (P for trend = .005). Similar associations were found with CHD, CVD, and all-cause mortality (P for trend ≤.005). Compared with men having a sauna bathing session of less than 11 minutes, the adjusted hazard ratio for SCD was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.67-1.28) for sauna bathing sessions of 11 to 19 minutes and 0.48 (95% CI, 0.31-0.75) for sessions lasting more than 19 minutes (P for trend = .002); significant inverse associations were also observed for fatal CHDs and fatal CVDs (P for trend ≤.03) but not for all-cause mortality events.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
Increased frequency of sauna bathing is associated with a reduced risk of SCD, CHD, CVD, and all-cause mortality. Further studies are warranted to establish the potential mechanism that links sauna bathing and cardiovascular health.

Ann Med. 2018 Mar;50(2):139-146. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2017.1387927. Epub 2017 Oct 16.

Joint associations of sauna bathing and cardiorespiratory fitness on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk: a long-term prospective cohort study.

PURPOSE:
We aimed to evaluate the joint impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and frequency of sauna bathing (FSB) on the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

DESIGN:
CRF measured by respiratory gas analyses and sauna exposure were assessed at baseline in a prospective study of 2277 men. CRF was categorized as low and high (median cut-offs) and FSB as low and high (≤2 and 3-7 sessions/week, respectively).

RESULTS:
During a median follow-up of 26.1 years, 520 cardiovascular and 1124 all-cause deaths occurred. Comparing high versus low CRF, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) 95% CIs for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality were 0.51 (0.41-0.63) and 0.65 (0.57-0.75), respectively. Comparing high versus low FSB, the corresponding HRs were 0.74 (0.59-0.94) and 0.84 (0.72-0.97), respectively. Compared to low CRF & low FSB, the HRs of CVD mortality for high CRF & high FSB; high CRF & low FSB; and low CRF & high FSB were 0.42 (0.28-0.62), 0.50 (0.39-0.63) and 0.72 (0.54-0.97), respectively. For all-cause mortality, the corresponding HRs were 0.60 (0.48-0.76), 0.63 (0.54-0.74) and 0.78 (0.64-0.96), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: A combination of high CRF and frequent sauna bathing confers stronger long-term protection on mortality outcomes compared with high CRF or high FSB alone. KEY MESSAGES Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and frequency of sauna bathing are independently associated with reduced mortality risk; a combination of good CRF and frequent sauna bathing may confer additional survival benefits. In a population-based prospective cohort study, a combination of high CRF levels and frequent sauna bathing (3-7 sessions per week) was associated with a substantial risk reduction in fatal cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events compared with good CRF or frequent sauna bathing alone. A combination of good fitness levels produced by aerobic exercises and frequent sauna bathing may have added health benefits and confer more protection on the risk of mortality.

Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2018 Mar – Apr;60(6):635-641. doi:
10.1016/j.pcad.2018.03.005. Epub 2018 Mar 16.

Combined Effect of Sauna Bathing and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Deaths in Caucasian Men: A Long-term Prospective Cohort Study.

Both cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and frequency of sauna bathing (FSB) are each strongly and independently associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk. However, the combined effect of CRF and FSB on SCD risk has not been previously investigated. We evaluated the joint impact of CRF and
FSB on the risk of SCD in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease prospective cohort study of 2291 men aged 42-61 years at recruitment. Objectively measured CRF and self-reported sauna bathing habits were assessed at baseline. CRF was categorized as low and high (median cutoffs) and FSB as low and high (defined as ≤2 and 3-7 sessions/week respectively). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for SCD. During a median follow-up of 26.1 years, 226 SCDs occurred. Comparing high vs low CRF, the HR (95% CIs) for SCD in analysis adjusted for several established risk factors was 0.48 (0.34-0.67). Comparing high vs low FSB, the corresponding HR was 0.67 (0.46-0.98). Compared to men with low CRF & low FSB, the multivariate-adjusted HRs of SCD for the following groups: high CRF & high FSB; high CRF & low FSB; and low CRF & high FSB were 0.31 (0.16-0.63), 0.49 (0.34-0.70), and 0.71 (0.45-1.10) respectively. In a general male Caucasian population, the combined effect of high aerobic fitness (as measured by CRF) and frequent sauna baths is associated with a substantially lowered risk of future SCD compared with high CRF or frequent sauna bathing alone.

Respir Med. 2017 Nov;132:161-163. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.018. Epub 2017 Oct 23.

Frequent sauna bathing may reduce the risk of pneumonia in middle-aged Caucasian men: The KIHD prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE:
Emerging evidence suggests sauna bathing to be linked with numerous health benefits. Having frequent sauna baths has been found to be associated with reduced risk of acute and chronic disease conditions. Sauna bathing may reduce the risk of respiratory diseases; however, the evidence is uncertain. We aimed to assess the association of frequency of sauna bathing with risk of pneumonia.

METHODS:
Baseline sauna bathing habits were assessed by administration of questionnaires in a prospective cohort of 2210 men aged 42-61 years.

RESULTS:
During a median follow-up of 25.6 years, 375 hospital diagnosed cases of pneumonia were recorded. In age-adjusted analyses, the hazard ratios (HRs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of pneumonia were 0.67 (0.53-0.83) and 0.53 (0.34-0.84) for participants who had 2-3 and ≥4 sauna sessions per week respectively compared with participants who had ≤ 1 sauna session per week. After further adjustment for several major risk factors, the HRs were 0.69 (0.55-0.86) and 0.56 (0.35-0.88) respectively. The associations remained on additional adjustment for total energy intake, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and C-reactive protein, 0.72 (0.57-0.90) and 0.63 (0.39-1.00) respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Frequent sauna baths is associated with reduced pneumonia risk in a middle-aged male Caucasian population.

Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Jan;90(1):173-7. doi:
10.1016/j.apmr.2008.06.029.

Safety, acceptance, and physiologic effects of sauna bathing in people with chronic heart failure: a pilot report.

OBJECTIVES:
To perform a pilot study and make a preliminary assessment of the safety and acceptance of supervised sauna bathing at moderate temperatures in people with chronic heart failure (CHF). Secondary measures included its impact on exercise tolerance and neuroendocrine concentrations.

DESIGN:
Randomized, controlled, cross-over trial.

SETTING:
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic.

PARTICIPANTS:
Six men and 3 women (age, 62-87y) with New York Heart Association Class III and IV CHF.

INTERVENTIONS:
Subjects were randomized into 2 groups and told to maintain their normal medication and activity regimens. One group then began a 3-times-a-week, 4-week sauna bathing program at 60+/-1 degrees C while the other continued with their usual activities and medications. Assignments were then reversed. Sessions were 15 minutes in length but were prolonged an additional 5 minutes for oral temperature increases less than 1.0 degrees C.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Patient acceptance, Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ) scores; treadmill exercise duration and plasma adrenaline, noradrenalin, aldosterone, atrial naturectic factor, adrenomedulin, and endothelin.

RESULTS:
Sauna bathing was well tolerated and no adverse effects were reported. Improvements in MLWHFQ scores and treadmill endurance did not achieve statistical significance on a between-group basis but were more marked after the sauna than during the control phase. Neuroendocrine concentrations showed no clear effect of sauna treatment with a between-group statistically significant difference (P=.049) found only in the case of noradrenalin’s 24% decrease.

CONCLUSIONS:
Sauna bathing under the moderate and supervised conditions of this study appears to be well tolerated and may be safe for people with CHF. More research is needed to further evaluate the safety and potential benefits of this approach.

PMID:19154844

J Occup Med. 1973 Jul;15(7):590-1.

Mercury exposure evaluations and their correlation with urine mercury excretions. 4. Elimination of mercury by sweating.
Lovejoy HB, Bell ZG Jr, Vizena TR.

PMID: 4711652

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