Infrared sauna is one way to help our bodies to detoxify and get rid of variety of toxins as well as ( potential) improving health, decreasing all cause mortality, decrease cardiovascular disease, improve cardiorespiratory fitness, tension headache, alzheimer, rheumatoid arthritis and removing toxins ( mycotoxins, drug residues, PCB,PBB, chlorinated pesticides…)
Sweating leads to a loss of water and electrolytes.sweating is also accompanied by excretion of organic and inorganic chemicals stored in body fat and organs. The excretion of lipid-based chemicals has been touted as the most important role for sauna: its detoxification mechanism.
Textbook of Integrative medicine:
The body stores fat-soluble toxins such as pesticides in adipose tissue (also called lipophilic persistent organic pollutants, or POPs). One well-known example are the flame retardants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs); some of the highest levels of these compounds throughout the world have been found in the breasts of lactating American women. These compounds were banned in Europe due to their association with reproductive, neurodevelopmental, and thyroid toxicities. Taking a relaxing sauna or steam bath is an effective therapy to help the body detoxify. The traditional sauna increases the air temperature to 160°F–200°F (approximately 70°C–90°C), with 25% humidity compared with a steam room, which is heated to 120°F–130°F at 100% humidity. The exogenous heat diverts blood to the skin, where sweating releases excess sodium, nitrogen, and toxins. In addition to its use in Scandinavia and many cultures around the world for hundreds of years, research since the 1960s has demonstrated the health-promoting effects of regular sauna use, including stress reduction, detoxification, lower blood pressure, and decreased pain.In fact, increased frequency of sauna use is actually associated with a reduced risk of sudden cardiac death, fatal cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Sauna cessation is advised for men attempting to conceive with their partners as heat-based therapies temporarily impair sperm count and motility.
Although sauna use is safe for most people of all ages, caution should be used in people who have undergone recent surgery; have unstable cardiovascular conditions such as recent myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident; or have multiple sclerosis, acute lung infections, or pregnancy complications. Even people with known heart disease can partake in sauna therapy. The greatest risk for all uses is hypotension and syncope, particularly if alcohol is used during sauna use (which is not recommended). Some evidence indicates that a lower-temperature infrared sauna may offer similar health benefits. Lower-temperature infrared saunas are typically heated to 120°F and are a good option for those who cannot tolerate the higher temperatures of a traditional sauna or steam room (e.g., individuals with multiple sclerosis).
From : web.pa.msu.edu
References:
Am J Med. 2001 Feb 1;110(2):118-26.
Benefits and risks of sauna bathing.
Although sauna bathing causes various acute, transient cardiovascular and hormonal changes, it is well tolerated by most healthy adults and children. Sauna bathing does not influence fertility and is safe during the uncomplicated pregnancies of healthy women. Some studies have suggested that long-term sauna bathing may help lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension and improve the left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with chronic congestive heart failure, but additional data are needed to confirm these findings. The transient improvements in pulmonary function that occur in the sauna may provide some relief to patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis. Sauna bathing may also alleviate pain and improve joint mobility in patients with rheumatic disease. Although sauna bathing does not cause drying of the skin-and may even benefit patients with psoriasis-sweating may increase itching in patients with atopic dermatitis. Contraindications to sauna bathing include unstable angina pectoris, recent myocardial infarction, and severe aortic stenosis. Sauna bathing is safe, however, for most people with coronary heart disease with stable angina pectoris or old myocardial infarction. Very few acute myocardial infarctions and sudden deaths occur in saunas, but alcohol consumption during sauna bathing increases the risk of hypotension, arrhythmia, and sudden death, and should be avoided.
PMID: 11165553
JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Apr;175(4):542-8. doi:
10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8187.
Association between sauna bathing and fatal cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events.
Laukkanen T1, Khan H2, Zaccardi F3, Laukkanen JA1.
Sauna bathing is a health habit associated with better hemodynamic function; however, the association of sauna bathing with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality is not known.
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the association of frequency and duration of sauna bathing with the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), fatal coronary heart disease (CHD), fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause mortality.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
We performed a prospective cohort study (Finnish Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study) of a population-based sample of 2315 middle-aged (age range, 42-60 years) men from Eastern Finland. Baseline examinations were conducted from March 1, 1984, through December 31, 1989.
EXPOSURES:
Frequency and duration of sauna bathing assessed at baseline.
RESULTS:
During a median follow-up of 20.7 years (interquartile range, 18.1-22.6 years), 190 SCDs, 281 fatal CHDs, 407 fatal CVDs, and 929 all-cause mortality events occurred. A total of 601, 1513, and 201 participants reported having a sauna bathing session 1 time per week, 2 to 3 times per week, and 4 to 7 times per week, respectively. The numbers (percentages) of SCDs were 61 (10.1%), 119 (7.8%), and 10 (5.0%) in the 3 groups of the frequency of sauna bathing. The respective numbers were 89 (14.9%), 175 (11.5%), and 17 (8.5%) for fatal CHDs; 134 (22.3%), 249 (16.4%), and 24 (12.0%) for fatal CVDs; and 295 (49.1%), 572 (37.8%), and 62 (30.8%) for all-cause mortality events. After adjustment for CVD risk factors, compared with men with 1 sauna bathing session per week, the hazard ratio of SCD was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.57-1.07) for 2 to 3 sauna bathing sessions per week and 0.37 (95% CI, 0.18-0.75) for 4 to 7 sauna bathing sessions per week (P for trend = .005). Similar associations were found with CHD, CVD, and all-cause mortality (P for trend ≤.005). Compared with men having a sauna bathing session of less than 11 minutes, the adjusted hazard ratio for SCD was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.67-1.28) for sauna bathing sessions of 11 to 19 minutes and 0.48 (95% CI, 0.31-0.75) for sessions lasting more than 19 minutes (P for trend = .002); significant inverse associations were also observed for fatal CHDs and fatal CVDs (P for trend ≤.03) but not for all-cause mortality events.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
Increased frequency of sauna bathing is associated with a reduced risk of SCD, CHD, CVD, and all-cause mortality. Further studies are warranted to establish the potential mechanism that links sauna bathing and cardiovascular health.
Ann Med. 2018 Mar;50(2):139-146. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2017.1387927. Epub 2017 Oct 16.
Joint associations of sauna bathing and cardiorespiratory fitness on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk: a long-term prospective cohort study.
PURPOSE:
We aimed to evaluate the joint impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and frequency of sauna bathing (FSB) on the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
DESIGN:
CRF measured by respiratory gas analyses and sauna exposure were assessed at baseline in a prospective study of 2277 men. CRF was categorized as low and high (median cut-offs) and FSB as low and high (≤2 and 3-7 sessions/week, respectively).
RESULTS:
During a median follow-up of 26.1 years, 520 cardiovascular and 1124 all-cause deaths occurred. Comparing high versus low CRF, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) 95% CIs for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality were 0.51 (0.41-0.63) and 0.65 (0.57-0.75), respectively. Comparing high versus low FSB, the corresponding HRs were 0.74 (0.59-0.94) and 0.84 (0.72-0.97), respectively. Compared to low CRF & low FSB, the HRs of CVD mortality for high CRF & high FSB; high CRF & low FSB; and low CRF & high FSB were 0.42 (0.28-0.62), 0.50 (0.39-0.63) and 0.72 (0.54-0.97), respectively. For all-cause mortality, the corresponding HRs were 0.60 (0.48-0.76), 0.63 (0.54-0.74) and 0.78 (0.64-0.96), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: A combination of high CRF and frequent sauna bathing confers stronger long-term protection on mortality outcomes compared with high CRF or high FSB alone. KEY MESSAGES Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and frequency of sauna bathing are independently associated with reduced mortality risk; a combination of good CRF and frequent sauna bathing may confer additional survival benefits. In a population-based prospective cohort study, a combination of high CRF levels and frequent sauna bathing (3-7 sessions per week) was associated with a substantial risk reduction in fatal cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events compared with good CRF or frequent sauna bathing alone. A combination of good fitness levels produced by aerobic exercises and frequent sauna bathing may have added health benefits and confer more protection on the risk of mortality.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2018 Mar – Apr;60(6):635-641. doi:
10.1016/j.pcad.2018.03.005. Epub 2018 Mar 16.
Combined Effect of Sauna Bathing and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Deaths in Caucasian Men: A Long-term Prospective Cohort Study.
Both cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and frequency of sauna bathing (FSB) are each strongly and independently associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk. However, the combined effect of CRF and FSB on SCD risk has not been previously investigated. We evaluated the joint impact of CRF and
FSB on the risk of SCD in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease prospective cohort study of 2291 men aged 42-61 years at recruitment. Objectively measured CRF and self-reported sauna bathing habits were assessed at baseline. CRF was categorized as low and high (median cutoffs) and FSB as low and high (defined as ≤2 and 3-7 sessions/week respectively). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for SCD. During a median follow-up of 26.1 years, 226 SCDs occurred. Comparing high vs low CRF, the HR (95% CIs) for SCD in analysis adjusted for several established risk factors was 0.48 (0.34-0.67). Comparing high vs low FSB, the corresponding HR was 0.67 (0.46-0.98). Compared to men with low CRF & low FSB, the multivariate-adjusted HRs of SCD for the following groups: high CRF & high FSB; high CRF & low FSB; and low CRF & high FSB were 0.31 (0.16-0.63), 0.49 (0.34-0.70), and 0.71 (0.45-1.10) respectively. In a general male Caucasian population, the combined effect of high aerobic fitness (as measured by CRF) and frequent sauna baths is associated with a substantially lowered risk of future SCD compared with high CRF or frequent sauna bathing alone.
Respir Med. 2017 Nov;132:161-163. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.018. Epub 2017 Oct 23.
Frequent sauna bathing may reduce the risk of pneumonia in middle-aged Caucasian men: The KIHD prospective cohort study.
OBJECTIVE:
Emerging evidence suggests sauna bathing to be linked with numerous health benefits. Having frequent sauna baths has been found to be associated with reduced risk of acute and chronic disease conditions. Sauna bathing may reduce the risk of respiratory diseases; however, the evidence is uncertain. We aimed to assess the association of frequency of sauna bathing with risk of pneumonia.
METHODS:
Baseline sauna bathing habits were assessed by administration of questionnaires in a prospective cohort of 2210 men aged 42-61 years.
RESULTS:
During a median follow-up of 25.6 years, 375 hospital diagnosed cases of pneumonia were recorded. In age-adjusted analyses, the hazard ratios (HRs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of pneumonia were 0.67 (0.53-0.83) and 0.53 (0.34-0.84) for participants who had 2-3 and ≥4 sauna sessions per week respectively compared with participants who had ≤ 1 sauna session per week. After further adjustment for several major risk factors, the HRs were 0.69 (0.55-0.86) and 0.56 (0.35-0.88) respectively. The associations remained on additional adjustment for total energy intake, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and C-reactive protein, 0.72 (0.57-0.90) and 0.63 (0.39-1.00) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Frequent sauna baths is associated with reduced pneumonia risk in a middle-aged male Caucasian population.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Jan;90(1):173-7. doi:
10.1016/j.apmr.2008.06.029.
Safety, acceptance, and physiologic effects of sauna bathing in people with chronic heart failure: a pilot report.
OBJECTIVES:
To perform a pilot study and make a preliminary assessment of the safety and acceptance of supervised sauna bathing at moderate temperatures in people with chronic heart failure (CHF). Secondary measures included its impact on exercise tolerance and neuroendocrine concentrations.
DESIGN:
Randomized, controlled, cross-over trial.
SETTING:
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic.
PARTICIPANTS:
Six men and 3 women (age, 62-87y) with New York Heart Association Class III and IV CHF.
INTERVENTIONS:
Subjects were randomized into 2 groups and told to maintain their normal medication and activity regimens. One group then began a 3-times-a-week, 4-week sauna bathing program at 60+/-1 degrees C while the other continued with their usual activities and medications. Assignments were then reversed. Sessions were 15 minutes in length but were prolonged an additional 5 minutes for oral temperature increases less than 1.0 degrees C.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Patient acceptance, Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ) scores; treadmill exercise duration and plasma adrenaline, noradrenalin, aldosterone, atrial naturectic factor, adrenomedulin, and endothelin.
RESULTS:
Sauna bathing was well tolerated and no adverse effects were reported. Improvements in MLWHFQ scores and treadmill endurance did not achieve statistical significance on a between-group basis but were more marked after the sauna than during the control phase. Neuroendocrine concentrations showed no clear effect of sauna treatment with a between-group statistically significant difference (P=.049) found only in the case of noradrenalin’s 24% decrease.
CONCLUSIONS:
Sauna bathing under the moderate and supervised conditions of this study appears to be well tolerated and may be safe for people with CHF. More research is needed to further evaluate the safety and potential benefits of this approach.
PMID:19154844
J Occup Med. 1973 Jul;15(7):590-1.
Mercury exposure evaluations and their correlation with urine mercury excretions. 4. Elimination of mercury by sweating.
Lovejoy HB, Bell ZG Jr, Vizena TR.
PMID: 4711652
1. Laukkanen T, et al. Sauna bathing is inversely associated with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in middle-aged Finnish men. Age and Ageing. In press. Accessed Dec. 7, 2016.
2. Laukkanen T, et al. Association between sauna bathing and fatal cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2015;175:542.
3. Kanji G, et al. Efficacy of regular sauna bathing for chronic tension-type headache: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2015;21:103.
4. Krause M, et al. Heat shock proteins and heat therapy for type 2 diabetes: Pros and cons. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2015;18:374.
5. Tei C, et al. Waon therapy for managing chronic heart failure. Circulation. 2016;80:827.
6. Oosterveld FG, et al. Infrared sauna in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Clinical Rheumatology. 2009;28:29.
7. Detoxification of Environmental Toxins and Drug Residues
Gard, Zane R., MD and Erma J. Brown, BSN, PHD. “History of Sauna/Hyperthermia Past and Present Efficacy in Detoxification.” Townsend Letter for Doctors, June 1992 470-478, July 1992 650-660, Oct 1992 846-854, Aug/Sept 1999 76-86. References 201-334.
7. McVicker, M. Sauna Detoxification Therapy. McFarland & Co, Box 611, Jefferson, NC 28640, 1997.
8. Oosterveld, FGJ., JJ Rasker, MAF van de Laar, GJ Koel. “Clinical Effects of Infrared Whole-body Hyperthermia in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases.” Departments of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Metisch Spectrum Twente and University Twente Enschede, P.O. Box 50000, 7500 KA Eschede, The Netherlands.
9. Perera.FP. “Environment and Cancer: Who are Susceptible?” Science 278:1068-73, Nov 7, 1997. (95 of cancer is environment and diet)
10. Rea, WJ. Thermal Chamber Depuration and Physical Therapy in: Chemical Sensitivity, Volume 4, chapter 35, pp 2433-2479. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1997.
11. Root, David E., M.D., M.P.H., H.T.H. “Reducing Toxic Body Burdens Advancing in Innovative Technique.” Occupational Health and Safety News Digest 2, 4 (April 1986).
12. Schnare, David W., Max Ben, and Megan G. Shields. “Body Burden Reductions ofPCB, PBBs and Chlorinated Pesticides in Human Subjects.” Ambio 13, 5-6 (1984) 378-380.
13. Schnare, David W., G. Denk, M. Sheilds, S. Brunton. “Evaluation of a Detoxification Regimen for Fat Stored Xenobiotics.” Med Hypoth,9:265-82, 1982.
187
Vree, T.B.,Johnson,W.T. et al. “Excretion of Amphetamines in Human Sweat”, Arch. fat. Pharmacodyn. 199:311- 317,1972.
Effects of Renal Excretion with Heat Stimulus
Czamowski D., J. Gorski, et al. “Excretion of nitrogen compounds in sweat during sauna.” Pol Tyg Lek 1991 Feb 18-Mar4; 46 (8-10): 186-7.
Vanakoski, J. and T. Seppala. “Renal excretion of the tetracycline is transiently decreased during short-term heat exposure.” fat J Clin
Pharmacol Ther. 1997 May; 35 (5): 204-7.
Cobum, T., FS Vom Saal, AM Soto. “Developmental Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Wildlife and Humans.” Environmental
Health Perspective. 101:378-84, 1993.
Gumener, PI, Kaisina, 0V, Nadezhina, LG, Shumkova, TV. “The individual measuring of the health- promoting impact of the sauna on preschoolers.” Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult 1994 Sept-Oct (5): 32-5.
Jenssen, TG, Haukland, HH, Burhol, PG. “Brain-gut peptides in sauna-induced hyperthermia.” Acta Physiol Scand. 1988 April; 132(4): 519-523.
Jezova, D., R. Kvetnansky, M. Vigas. “Sex differences in endocrine response to hyperthermia in sauna.” Acta Physiol Scand. 1994 March; 150(3): 293-8.
Jokinen, E., I. Valimaki, J. Mamiemi, A. Seppanen,, K. Irjala, 0. Simell. “Children in sauna: hormonal adjustments to intensive short thermal stress.” Acta Physiol Scand. 1991 July: 142(3):437-42.
Kukkonen-Harjula, K. and K. Jkauppinen. “How the sauna affects the endocrine system.” Ann Clin Res. 19988; 20(4): 262-6.
Strbak, V., P. Tatr, R. Angyal, V. Strec, K. Aksamitova, M. Vigas, H. Janosova. “Effects of sauna and glucose intake on TSH and thyroid hormone levels in plasma ofeuthyroid subjects.” Metabolism, H.T.H. 1987 May; 36(5): 426-31.
Vescovi, PP and V. Coiro. “Hyperthermia and endorphins.” Biomed Pharmacother; 47(8): 301-4, 1993.
Effects of Heat Stress and Infrared on the Immune System
Danno, K. and N. Sugie. “Effects of near-infrared radiation on the epidermal proliferation and cutaneous immune function in mice.” Photodermal Photoimmunol Photomed. 1996 Dec; 12(6): 233-6.
Didierjean, L., D. Gruaz, Y. Frobert, J. Grassi, JM Dayer, JH Saurat. “Biologically active interleukin in human eccrine sweat: site dependent variations in alpha/beta ratios and stress-induced increased excretion.” Cytokine. 1990 Nov; 2(6): 438-46.
Ernst, E. Pecho, P. Wirz, T. Saradeth. “Regular sauna bathing and the incidence of common colds.” Ann Med. 1990; 22(4): 225-7.
Niwa, Y., 0. Lizawa, K. Ishimoto, X. Jiang, T. Kanoh. “Electromagnetic wave emitting products and ‘Kikoh’ potentiate human leukocyte functions.” fat J Biometeorol. 1993 Sept; 37(5): 133-8.
The Use of Sweat for Evaluation of Mercury and Metal Toxicity
CSIRO, Division of Energy Chemistry, NSW, Australia. “A comparative study of copper, lead, cadmium, and zinc in human sweat and blood.” Sci Total Environ. 1988 Aug 1; 74: 235-47.
Lovejoy, HB., ZG Bell, TR Vizena. “Mercury exposure evaluations and their correlation with urine mercury excretion: 4. Elimination of mercury by sweating.” JOccupMed. 1973:15:590-591.
Parpalei, LA., LG Prokofeva, VG Obertas. “The use of the sauna for disease prevention in the workers of enterprises with chemical and physical occupational hazards.” Vrach Delo. 1991 May; (5): 93-5.
Sherson, DL and W. Stopford. “Mercury levels of sweat. Its use in the diagnosis and treatment of poisoning.” Ugeskr Laeger. 1986 June 30; 148(27): 1682-4.
188
Percutaneous Absorption of Metals and Drugs Stauber, JL, TM Florence, BL Gulson, LS Dale. “Percutaneous absorption of inorganic lead compounds.” Sci Total Environ. 1994 May 2; 145(1-2): 55-70.
Vanakoski, J., T. Seppala, E. Sievi, E. Lunell. “Exposure to high ambient temperature increases absorption and plasma concentrations oftransdermal nicotine.” Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996 Sept
Detoxification of Chemicals Via Sweat
Rea, WJ., Y. Pan and AR Johnson. “Clearing of toxic volatile hydrocarbons from humans.” Bol Asoc Med PR. 1991 July; 83(7): 321-4.
Rea, WJ., GH Ross, AR Johnson, RE Amiley, EJ Fenyes. “Chemical sensitivity in physicians.” Bol Asoc Med PR. 1991 Sept; 83(9): 383-8.
Kilbum, KH., RH Warsaw, MG Shileds. “Neurobehavioral dysfunction in firemen exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): possible improvement after detoxification.” Arch Environ Health. 1989 Nov-Dec; 44(6): 345-50.
Krop, J. “Chemical sensitivity after intoxication at work with solvents: response to sauna therapy.” J Altem Complement Med. Spring 1998; 4(1): 77-86.
Healing of Wounds With Infrared
Jiang, P. and L. Luo. “The effect of far infrared rays on the survival of randomized skin flap in the rat: an experimental study.” ChungKuo Hsiu Fu Chung HTH Chien Wai Ko Tsa Chih. 1997 Mar; 11(2): 69-71.
Tolstykh, PI., AV Gertsen, VI Eliseenko, Sarasek LUK. “Stimulation of the healing of asceptic wounds using laser irradiation.” Khirurgiia (Mosk). 1991 July; 7: 37-40.
Treatment of Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure With Heat Stress and Infrared
Siewert, C., H. Siewert, HJ Winterfield, D. Strangefeld. “The behavior of central and peripheral hemodynamics in isometric and dynamic stress in hypertensive patients treatment with regular sauna therapy.” Z Kardiol. 1994 Sept; 83(9): 652-7.
Tei, C., Y. Horikiri, JC Park, JW Jeong, KS Chang, Y. Toyama, N. Tanaka. “Acute Hemodynamic
improvement by thermal by thermal vasodilatation in congestive heart failure.” Circulation. 1995 May 15; 91(10): 2582-90.
Tei, C., Y. Horikiri, JC Park, JW Jeong, KS Chang, Y. Toyama, H.T.H. Tanaka. “Effects of hot water bath or sauna on patients with congestive heart failure: acute hemodynamic improvement by thermal vasolidation.” J Cardiol. 1994 May-June; 24(3): 175-83.
Winterfeld, HJ., H. Siewert, D. Strangeld, H. Wamke, J. Kruse, U. Engelmann. “Potential use of the sauna in the long- term treatment of hypertensive cardiovascular circulation disorders-a comparison with kinesiotherapy.” Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1992 Aug 25; 81(35): 1016-20.
Heat and Fever
Dritschilo, A., et al. “Therapeutic implications of heat as related to radiation therapy.” Semin Oncol. 1981 March; 8(1): 83-91.
Helamaa, E. and E. Aikas. “The secret of good ‘loyly’.” Ann din Res. 1988; 20(4): 224-9.
Molimard. “Physiopathology of fever.” Concours Med. 1996 Dec 4; 87(49): 7255-8.
Moltz.H. “Causes and Consequences.” Neurosci Biobehav Rev Fall. 1993; 17(3): 237-69.
Morimoto, A., et al. “Multiple control of fever production in the central nervous system of rabbits.” J Physiol (Lond). 1988 March; 397: 269-80.
Palmes, ED. et al., “The regulation of body temperature during fever.” Arch Environ Health. 1965 Dec; 11(6): 749-59.189
Varanovskil, IM. “On the use of infrared techniques in medicine.” Voen Med Zh. 1967 Dec; 12: 36-9. Wiedemann.E. “Heat as a remedy.” Landarzt. 1965 Nov 20; 44(32): 1586-90.
Zeisberger, E., et al. “Neurobiological Concepts of Fever Generation and Suppression.” Neuropsychobiology. 1993; 28(1-2): 106-9.
of natural immunological reactivity of workers.” Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 1970 Jan; 14(1): 22-6. Biological Activities of Infrared
Honda, K. and S. Inoue. “Sleep-enhancing effects of far-infrared radiation in rats.” mt J Biometeorol. 1988 Jun; 32(2): 92-4.
Inoue, S. and M. Kabaya. “Biological activities caused by far-infrared radiation.” mt J Biometeorol 1989 Oct; 33(3): 145-50.
Activation of Supplements With Infrared
Niwa, Y., Y. Miyachi, K. Ishimoto, T. Kanoh. “Why are natural plant medicinal effective in some patients and not in others with the same disease.” Plant Med. 1991 Aug; 57(4): 299-304.
Niwa, Y. “Oxidative injury and its defense system in vivo.” Rinsho Byori 1999 Mar; 47(3): 189-209.
Niwa, Y., K. Tominaga, K. Yoshida. “Successful treatment of severe atopic dermatitis-complicated cataract and male infertility with a natural product antioxidant.” mt J Tissue React. 1998 20; 2: 63-9.
Yoshikawa, M., et al. “Chemical fluctuation of the constituents during the drying if Ginseng radix and Ginseng radix Rubra. Crude drug processing by far-infrared treatment.” Yakugaku Zasshi. 1993 June; 113(6); 460-7.
Heat and Enzyme Activity With Infrared
Ogita, S., et al. “Effects of far-infrared radiation on lactation.” Ann Physiol Anthropol. 1990 April; 9(2): 83-91.
Thermal regulation With Heat Stress and Infrared
Antonaci, F., et al. “Sweating patterns in humans:IL Heat induced forehand sweating and cutanious temperature in healthy individuals.”
Funct Neurol. 1988 Apr-Jun; 3(2): 2217-24.
Flickstein, A., PhD. “Infrared Thermal System for Whole-body Regenerative Radiant Therapy.” Dascom Graphics; Santa Fe Springs: 1997.
Kaderavek, F. “Thermoregulatory changes during application of infrared radiation.” Fysiatr Revmatol Vestn. HTH 1965 Sept: 43 (5): 301-9.
Kaderavek, R. “Absorption and heat transport during application of infrared radiation.” Fysiatr Revmatol Vestn. 1973 Feb; 51 (I): 14-20.
Lustinec K. “Sweat rate, its prediction and interpretation.” Arch Sci Physiol (Paris). 1973; 27 (2): 127-36.
Kaidbey, KH., et al. “The influence of infrared radiation on short-term ultraviolet-radiation-induced injuries.” Arch DermatoL. 1982 May; 118(5): 315-8.
Kuz’min, VM. “Infrared radiation isolines as an indicator of the hygienic characteristics of the radiation microclimate.” Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 1971 June; 15(6) 11-4.
Libert, JP., et al. “Modifications of sweating responses to thermal transients following heat acclimation.” Eur J Appi Physiol. 1983; 50 (2): 235-46.
Linetskii, ML. “Thermoregulation under the effect of infrared radiation.” Gig Sanit 1965 July; 30 (7): 115-7.
Molchanov, IS. “The effects of low intensity infrared radiation on the organism.” Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 1968 Nov; 12(11):46-8.
190
Montgomery, PC. “The compounding effects of infrared and ultraviolet irradiation upon normal human skin.”Phys. Ther. 1973 May; 53 (5): 489-96.
Musin RF, et al. “Sensitivity of Human Skin to Infrared Heat Fluxes.” Doki Akad Nauk SSSR. 1986; 289 (3): 718-20. Nadel, ER., et al. “Effect of skin wettedness on on sweat gland response.” Jappi Phusiol. 1973 Nov; 35 (5): 689-94.
Shafran, MB. “Effect of infrared heating on blood indices in swine.” Veterinariia. 1969 Feb; 46 (2): 89-90. Yamazaki, T. “Science of far infrared wave therapies.” Man and History Co., Tokyo, Japan: 1987.
Zeientsova, SF. “Immunobiological reactivity of the organism under the effect of the interrupted infrared irradiation.” VrachDelo. 1968 Dec; 12:88-91.
Effects Of Infrared and Heat Stress on Skin
Baibekov, IM., et al. “The effects of low intensity infrared laser radiation on healing ofdermatological wounds.” Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1995 Feb; 119(2): 218-24
Chemiaev, IS. “Investigation of the permeability of human skin to infrared radiation.” Gig Sanit. 1965 Dec; 30(12): 20-4.
Gubemskii, ID., et al. “Health standardization of infrared radiation in panel-radiation heating of homes and public buildings.” Gig Sanit, HTH. 1972 Aug; 37(8): 22-7.
Hmjak, M. “The effect of infrared irradiation on the human body.” Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 1985 Jun; 36(2): 201-18.
Inoue, S., et al. “Biological activities caused by far-infrared radiation.” Int J Biometeorol. 1989 Oct; 33(3):145-150.
Ise, N., T. Katsuura, Y. Kikuchi, E. Miwa. “Effect of far-infrared radiation on forearm skin blood flow.” Ann Physiol Anthropol. 1987 Jan; 6(1): 31-32.
Junaid, AJ. “Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with infrared heat.” Int J Dermatol. 1986 Sep; 25(7): 470-2.
Katsuura, T., K. Nakano, Y. Sano, A. Okada, Y. Kikuchi. “Influence of native place on forearm bloofflow at rest and during exercise in dry and humid heat.” Ann Physiol Anthropol. 1985 Apr; 4(2): 175-7.
Khish, IP. “Effect of low doses of infrared radiation on the sympathetic-adrenal system of children.” Pediatr Akush Ginekol 1973; 6: 23-4.
Manner, JB., et al. “Combined radiation and hyperthermia in superficial human tumors.” Cancer. 1980 Nov 1;46(9): 1986-91.
Unknown Author. “Sunlight, ultraviolet radiation, and the skin.” Nat’1 hist Health Consens Statement. 1989 May 8- 10; 7(8): 1-10.
Wyss, V. “On the effects of radiant heat on different regions of the human body. Behavior ofcardiocirculatory and respiratory activity, oxygen consumption, oral and skin temperature during infrared radiation of different areas in acclimatized HTH and non-acclimatized subjects.” Med Lav. 1966 Apr; 57(4): 262-85.
Infrared and Its Effects Upon the Eye
Molchanov, IS., et al. “Use of low-intensity infrared radiation for the prevention ofcatarrhal diseases.” Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 1976 Sept; (9):
42-43.
Bioeffects of Sauna Therapy on the Human Body
Ahonen, E., et al. “Fluid balance and the sauna.” Duodecin. 1988; 104(8): 609-14. Kauppinen, K., et al. “Man in the sauna.” Ann din Res. 1986; 18(4): 173-85. Sealre.AJ. “Effects of the sauna.” JAMA. 1982 Jan 1; 247(1): 28.
Takada, K., Egawa, Y., Sasaki, H. Farlinfrared Ray. Japan: Jan 1999.
191
