WHAT IS CELLULITE?
- Cellulite is an alteration in skin topography1
- It is ubiquitous in postpubescent women, affecting 85% to 98%2
- Cellulite causes a dimpled appearance of the affected skin, primarily affecting the thighs and buttocks2
- Cellulite is a multifactorial condition3
ARCHITECTURE OF SUBCUTANEOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE DIFFERS BETWEEN GENDERS1,2
In women, a greater percentage of fibrous septae are oriented perpendicular to the skin surface
References: 1. Nürnberger F, Müller G. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1978;4(3):221-229. 2. Gonzaga de Cunha M, et al. Surg Cosmet Dermatol. 2014;6(4):355-359.
ARCHITECTURE OF SUBCUTANEOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE DIFFERS BETWEEN GENDERS
Images of a longitudinal slice from an 80-year-old male cadaver and a 72-year-old female cadaver.
CELLULITE: A DISPARITY BETWEEN CONTAINMENT AND EXTRUSION FORCES AT THE SUBDERMAL JUNCTION
1. Decreased dermal thickness with age1
- Gender- and BMI-independent dermal thinning by 0.3% per year
- Less support to contain the underlying fatty layers
- Women can lose 30% of dermal collagen in the 5 years after menopause, further contributing to dermal thinning and loss of structural support2
2. Increased height of superficial fat lobules1
- In the superficial layer, fat lobule height is significantly higher in females than males
3. Septal morphology1
- Males have a higher number of smaller subcutaneous fat lobules per given area and a greater number of septae
- Males require a significantly greater force to disrupt the fibrous connections
SUMMARY OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GENDERS
In comparison with males, females have:
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CELLULITE IS MULTIFACTORIAL
FIBROUS SEPTAE PLAY A ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CELLULITE1
FIBROUS SEPTAE ANGLE VARIES BY ~10° IN STANDING AND PRONE POSITIONS
The appearance and disappearance of the cellulite dimple in the standing
and prone positions, respectively, are
illustrative of the imbalance of the
containment and extrusion forces
at the subdermal junction.”
THE DERMIS-HYPODERMIS BORDER MAY BE A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR OF CELLULITE
CELLULITE MAY PRESENT WITH OR WITHOUT LAXITY1
CELLULITE TREATMENT OPTIONS
References: 1. Dhami LD. Indian J Plast Surg. 2008;41(Suppl):S27-S40. 2. Data on file. ZELTIQ Aesthetics, Inc. Pleasanton, CA. 2017. (510(k) clearance, K172144). 3. Data on file. Syneron Medical, Ltd. Philadelphia, PA. 2016. (510(k) clearance,
K160896). 4. Data on file. BTL Industries, Inc. Waltham, MA. 2016. (510(k) clearance, K152731). 5. Data on file. Solta Medical, Inc. Hayward, CA. 2013. (510(k) clearance, K132431). 6. Data on file. Biocellulase, Inc. Newton, MA. 2005. (510(k)
clearance, K053611). 7. Adatto MA, et al. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2011;13(6):291-296. 8. Russe-Wilflingseder K, Russe E. AIP Conference Proceedings. 1226. 10.1063/1.3453782. 9. American Society of Plastic Surgery. Dermal Fillers. Available from:
https://www.plasticsurgery.org/cosmetic-procedures/dermal-fillers/types. Accessed on 11th Feb 2020. 10. SCULPTRA Aesthetic Instructions for Use. Galderma Laboratories, L.P. Fort Worth, TX. 11. Data on file. Syneron Medical, Ltd. Philadelphia,
PA. 2016. (510(k) clearance, K161043). 12. Alexiades M, et al. Dermatol Surg. 2018;44(10):1262-1271.
CELLULITE TREATMENT OPTIONS
References: 1. Data on file. Zimmer Medizin Système GmbH. Stow, MA. 2019. (510(k) clearance, K192940). 2. Data on file. BTL Industries, Inc. Framingham, MA. 2016. (510(k) clearance, K160992. 3. Kaminer MS, et al. Dermatol
Surg. 2015;41(3):336-347. 4. Friedmann DP. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2017;10:17-23. 5. Data on file. Cynosure, Inc. Westford, MA. 2012. (510(k) clearance, K102541). 6. DiBernardo BE. Aesthet Surg J. 2011;31(3):328-341.
7. Qwo [package insert]. Malvern, PA: Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 8.Data on file. Syneron Medical, Ltd. Israel. 2012. (510(k) clearance, K122579).
FURTHER READING
